03
Mar
Mar
In laboratory freeze‐dryers, a common question is, what ice condenser temperature to choose. Typically, there are 3 choices: -50°C or –85°C and less common –105°C. With organic (co‐)solvents more frequently used in freeze drying, key factors to consider include the solvent’s freezing temperature, the solvent ratio, the total solvent load, safety concerns (flammability) and equipment […]